- Medical Terms Glossary - by Sarah Smith Consulting
- Cotton - some information from Gossypium
- The Problem of Plastic Bags - by Turtle Bags
- The Astonishing Power of Herbs & Oils - by Dr Mariano Spiezia
- Animal Experimentation - by Sonett
- Your health and the environment - by natracare
Do you know how safe the products you’re using really are?
We didn’t - we weren’t aware of what chemicals were in the products we and our children were using on a daily basis. We wanted to know what they were and if any of these chemicals were harmful.
The information below as been sourced from Material Safety Data Sheets (or MSDS). This is the international standard for safety information regarding chemical ingredients used by humans.
If there are any words or phrases that you do not understand, please see our Glossary of Medical Terms underneath this list of toxic ingredient.
If you have a medical condition or illness we recommend you seek medical advice, from either your Doctor or contact NHS Direct on 0845 4647.
| 1,4-dioxane | A carcinogenic contaminant of cosmetic products. Almost 50% of cosmetics containing ethoxylated surfactants were found to contain dioxane. See Ethoxylated surfactants |
| 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol) | Toxic, causes allergic contact dermatitis. See Nitrosating agents |
Alcohol, Isopropyl (SD-40)
|
A very drying and irritating solvent and dehydrator that strips your skin's natural acid mantle, making us more vulnerable to bacteria, moulds and viruses. It is made from propylene, a petroleum derivative. It may promote brown spots and premature aging of skin. |
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (ALES) |
See Anionic Surfactants See Sodium Laureth Sulfate See Nitrosating Agents |
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (ALS) |
See Anionic Surfactants See Sodium Laureth Sulfate See Nitrosating Agents |
| Anionic Surfactants | Anionic refers to the negative charge these surfactants have. They may be contaminated with nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic. Surfactants can pose serious health threats. They are used in car washes, as garage floor cleaners and engine degreasers - and in 90% of personal-care products that foam. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) |
| Benzalkonium Chloride | Highly toxic, primary skin irritant. See Cationic surfactants From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Butylated Hudroxyanisole (BHA) | Causes allergic contact dermatitis. |
| Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) | Causes allergic contact dermatitis. Contains toluene. See Toluene |
Cationic surfactants |
These chemicals have a positive electrical charge. They contain a quaternary ammonium group and are often called "quats". These are used in hair conditioners, but originated from the paper and fabric industries as softeners and anti-static agents. In the long run they cause the hair to become dry and brittle. They are synthetic, irritating, allergenic and toxic, and oral intake of them can be lethal. Stearalkonium chloride |
| Cetalkonium chloride | See Cationic surfactants |
| Cetrimonium chloride | See Cationic surfactants |
| Chloromethylisothia-zolinone | Causes contact dermatitis |
| Isothiazolinone | Causes contact dermatitis From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Cocoamidopropyl Betaine | From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): CAN CAUSE EYE AND SKIN IRRITATION. |
| Cocoyl Sarcosine | See Nitrosating agents |
| Cyclomethicone | See Silicone derived emollients |
| DEA (diethanolamine), MEA (Monoethanolamine), & TEA (triethanolamine) | Often used in cosmetics to adjust the pH, and used with many fatty acids to convert acid to salt (stearate), which then becomes the base for a cleanser. TEA causes allergic reactions including eye problems, dryness of hair and skin, and could be toxic if absorbed into the body over a long period of time. These chemicals are already restricted in Europe due to known carcinogenic effects. Dr. Samuel Epstein (Professor of Environmental Health at the University of Illinois) says that repeated skin applications . . . of DEA-based detergents resulted in a major increase in the incidence of liver and kidney cancer. See Nitrosating agents From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Diazolidinyl urea | Established as a primary cause of contact dermatitis (American Academy of Dermatology). Contains formaldehyde, a carcinogenic chemical, is toxic by inhalation, a strong irritant, and causes contact dermatitis. See Formaldehyde From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Dimethicone | See Silicone derived emollients |
| Dimethicone Copolyol | See Silicone derived emollients |
| Disodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate | See Anionic surfactants |
| Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate | See Anionic surfactants See Ethoxylated surfactants |
| Disodium Oleamide Sulfosuccinate | See Anionic Surfactants |
| DMDM Hydantoin | Contains formaldehyde. See Formaldehyde |
| Ethoxylated surfactants | Ethoxylated surfactants are widely used in cosmetics as foaming agents, emulsifiers and humectants. As part of the manufacturing process the toxic chemical 1,4-dioxane, a potent carcinogen, is generated. On the label, they are identified by the prefix "PEG", "polyethylene", "polyethylene glycol", "polyoxyethylene", "-eth-", or "-oxynol-". See 1,4-Dioxane |
| FD&C Colour Pigments | Synthetic colours made from coal tar. Contain heavy metal salts that deposit toxins onto the skin, causing skin sensitivity and irritation. Animal studies have shown almost all of them to be carcinogenic. |
| Formaldehyde | Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen (causes cancer). Causes allergic, irritant and contact dermatitis, headaches and chronic fatigue. The vapour is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose and throat (mucous membranes). See Nitrosating agents |
| Fragrance | Fragrance on a label can indicate the presence of up to four thousand separate ingredients, many toxic or carcinogenic. Symptoms reported to the USA FDA include headaches, dizziness, allergic rashes, skin discoloration, violent coughing and vomiting, and skin irritation. Clinical observation proves fragrances can affect the central nervous system, causing depression, hyperactivity, and irritability. |
| Hydrolysed Animal Protein | See Nitrosating agents |
| Imidazolidinyl urea | The trade name for this chemical is Germall 115. Releases formaldehyde, a carcinogenic chemical, into cosmetics at over 10°C. Toxic. See Formaldehyde See Nitrosating agents |
| Lanolin | Any chemicals used on sheep will contaminate the lanolin obtained from the wool. The majority of lanolin used in cosmetics is highly contaminated with chlorinated organo pesticides like DDT. |
| Lauryl dimonium hydrolysed collagen | See Cationic surfactants |
| Lauryl or Cocoyl Sarcosine | See Anionic Surfactants |
| Lauryl Sarcosine | See Nitrosating agents |
| Liquidum Paraffinum | Liquidum Paraffinum is an exotic sounding way to say mineral oil (!!) See Mineral Oil |
| MEA compounds | See Nitrosating agents |
| Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroiso-thiazolinone | Both cause cosmetic allergies
Mineral oil |
| Mineral Oil | Petroleum by-product that coats the skin like plastic, clogging the pores. Interferes with skin's ability to eliminate toxins, promoting acne and other disorders. Slows down skin function and cell development, resulting in premature aging. Used in many products (baby oil is 100% mineral oil!) Any mineral oil derivative can be contaminated with cancer causing PAH's (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons). Manufacturers use petrolatum because it is unbelievably cheap.
|
| Nitrosating Agents | The following chemicals can cause nitrosamine contamination, which have been determined to form cancer in laboratory animals. There are wide and repeated concerns in the USA and Europe about the contamination of cosmetics products with nitrosamines.
|
| Paraben preservatives (methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl) | Used as inhibitors of microbial growth and to extend shelf life of products. Widely used even though they are known to be toxic. Have caused many allergic reactions and skin rashes. Highly toxic. From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Paraffin wax/oil | Paraffin Wax is mineral oil wax. See Mineral Oil |
| Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) compounds | Potentially carcinogenic petroleum ingredient that can alter and reduce the skin's natural moisture factor. This could increase the appearance of aging and leave you more vulnerable to bacteria. Used in cleansers to dissolve oil and grease. It adjusts the melting point and thickens products. Also used in caustic spray-on oven cleaners. See Ethoxylated surfactants |
| Potassium Coco Hydrolysed Collagen | See Anionic Surfactants |
| Propylene/Butylene Glycol | Propylene glycol (PG) is a petroleum derivative. It penetrates the skin and can weaken protein and cellular structure. Commonly used to make extracts from herbs. PG is strong enough to remove barnacles from boats! The EPA considers PG so toxic that it requires workers to wear protective gloves, clothing and goggles and to dispose of any PG solutions by burying them in the ground. Because PG penetrates the skin so quickly, the EPA warns against skin contact to prevent consequences such as brain, liver, and kidney abnormalities. But there isn't even a warning label on products such as stick deodorants, where the concentration is greater than in most industrial applications. From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| PVP/VA Copolymer | A petroleum-derived chemical used in hairsprays, wavesets and other cosmetics. It can be considered toxic, since particles may contribute to foreign bodies in the lungs of sensitive persons. |
| Quaternium-7, 15, 31, 60, etc | Toxic, causes skin rashes and allergic reactions. See Nitrosating agents From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Rancid Natural Emollients | Natural oils used in cosmetics should be cold pressed. The refined vegetable oils found on supermarket shelves and many health food stores which lack colour, odour and taste are devoid of nutrients, essential fatty acids, vitamins and unsaponifiables - all valuable skin conditioning agents! They also contain poisonous "trans" fatty acids as a result of the refining process. Another important factor to consider with creams made from plant oil is the use-by date. The most beneficial plant oils (like rosehip, borage and evening primrose oils) are polyunsaturated, which means they oxidise and go rancid fairly quickly (about 6 months). Most off-the-shelf cosmetics have a shelf life of three years. Rancid oils are harmful, they form free-radicals, which damage and age your skin. |
| Silicone derived emollients | Silicone emollients are occlusive - that is they coat the skin, trapping anything beneath it, and do not allow the skin to breathe (much like plastic wrap would do.) Recent studies have indicated that prolonged exposure of the skin to sweat, by occlusion, causes skin irritation. Some synthetic emollients are known tumour promoters and accumulate in the liver and lymph nodes. They are also non-biodegradable, causing negative environmental impact. Dimethicone |
| Sodium Cocoyl Sarcosinate | See Anionic Surfactants |
| Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (ALES) | When combined with other chemicals, SLES and ALES can create nitrosamines, a potent class of carcinogens. It is frequently disguised in semi-natural cosmetics with the explanation "comes from coconut". See Anionic Surfactants See Ethoxylated surfactants See Nitrosating agents From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate | See Anionic Surfactants |
| Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate (ALS) | Used in car washes, garage floor cleaners and engine degreasers - and in 90% of products that foam. Animals exposed to SLS and ALS experience eye damage, central nervous system depression, laboured breathing, diarrhoea, severe skin irritation, and even death. Young eyes may not develop properly if exposed to SLS and ALS because proteins are dissolved. SLS and ALS may also damage the skin's immune system by causing layers to separate and inflame. It is frequently disguised in semi-natural cosmetics with the explanation "comes from coconut". See Nitrosating agents See Anionic Surfactants From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
| Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate | See Nitrosating agents See Anionic Surfactants |
| Stearalkonium Chloride | A chemical used in hair conditioners and creams. Causes allergic reactions. Stearalkonium chloride was developed by the fabric industry as a fabric softener, and is a lot cheaper and easier to use in hair conditioning formulas than proteins or herbals, which do help hair health. Toxic. See Cationic surfactants |
| Talc | Scientific studies have shown that routine application of talcum powder in the genital area is associated with a three-to-fourfold increase in the development of ovarian cancer. |
| TEA (Triethanolamine) Laureth Sulfate | Synthetic emulsifier. Highly acidic. Over 40% of cosmetics containing Triethanolamine (TEA), have been found to be contaminated with nitrosamines, which are potent carcinogens. From Material Safety Data Sheet See Anionic Surfactants See Nitrosating agents |
| TEA compounds | See Nitrosating agents |
| Toluene | From Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS): |
by Sarah Smith Consulting
A
Abdominal means anything that relates to your abdomen, which is the middle part of your body containing your stomach and intestines. It is sometimes called your tummy.
Absorption means to take something in. For example a sponge takes in water, therefore it absorbs water.
Acne is a common skin condition. It usually occurs on your face, neck, chest and back. It is caused by glands in your skin that produce too much oil. This makes your skin greasy and causes spots and blackheads.
Allergenic. An allergenic substance is something that causes an allergic reaction. An allergic reaction happens when your immune system overreacts to a substance that is normally harmless
Allergic Contact Dermatitis is a skin condition that develops when your body’s immune system reacts against something that comes into contact with the skin, for example, certain chemicals or the nickel in buttons or earrings.
Anaemia is a group of conditions where your blood cells cannot carry as much oxygen as they should. This often happens because your body does not have enough of a protein called haemoglobin which carries the oxygen. Anaemia can make you feel tired and short of breath.
Antibiotics are medicines that kill bacteria living in or on your body
Antimycotics are medicines that kill fungi living in or on your body
Anti-Oxidants are substances inside your body that destroy free radicals. Free radicals are substances that damage the cells of your body.
Antiseptics are substances that destroy germs or stop them from spreading
Antivirals are medicines that kill viruses living in or on your body
Arthritis is inflammation of your joints, like your hips, wrists and knees. If you have arthritis then you will probably be in pain and may find it difficult to move around.
Asthma is a very common long-term condition that affects your breathing. The small tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs are called airways. If you have asthma, your airways are sensitive and when they are irritated they become narrow and can sometimes produce too much mucus (phlegm). This makes it harder to get enough breath and your chest may feel tight.
Atopic Eczema is a skin condition and is closely linked to hay fever and asthma. Common symptoms of atopic eczema are itchiness, dry skin, redness and inflammation.
C
Carcinogenic. This is anything that can cause cancer.
Chilblains are small, itchy and painful lumps that can develop on your skin in response to the cold.
Chronic means any health problem which you have for a long period of time. Chronic health problems usually start and get worse slowly.
CNS Depression (Central Nervous System Depression). Your central nervous system is your brain and spinal cord. If your central nervous system is ‘depressed’ it means it is working at a lower than normal level. This can mean that you become less alert and sleepy, and may have a headache. It can also lead to unconsciousness.
Conjunctiva is the thin lining that covers your eye and the inside of your eyelids.
Corrosive. If a substance is corrosive it gradually wears away and destroys another substances.
Couperose. This is skin that is prone to being red in colour
D
Depression is an illness which causes very strong feelings of sadness, helplessness and hopelessness. If you have depression you might also have problems sleeping, aches and pains and low energy levels.
Dehydrator. This is any substance that removes water from another substance
Dermatitis – see eczema
Diabetic Ulcers. A skin ulcer is an area of skin that breaks down so you can see the tissue underneath it.. If you have diabetes then your skin does not heal as well as other peoples and any break in the skin is more likely to develop in an ulcer.
Diarrhoea means passing frequent, watery stools. Stool (faeces) is the solid waste that is passed from your body as a bowel movement. If you have diarrhoea you may also have tummy pains, feel sick or feverish and may not feel like eating.
E
Eczema is a group of common skin conditions. In a mild form your skin can be dry and itchy, in a more severe form your skin can become broken, raw and bleeding. Eczema is sometimes called dermatitis
Emollients are ointments, creams or lotions that you put on your skin to prevent dryness. They are used to treat eczema and work by forming a seal or barrier which makes your skin less dry and itchy.
Emulsifiers are substances that bind two substances together that do not normally mix. For example, an emulsifier is used to mix oil and water together to make a salad dressing that does not separate.
F
Fatigue is another word for tiredness
Foetus is an unborn baby
G
Gout is a condition that causes redness, pain and swelling in one or more of your joints (often gout first appears in your big toe). It is caused by too much of a substance called uric acid in your blood.
H
Haemoglobin is a substance found in the red blood cells in your body and is what causes your blood to be red in colour. Haemoglobin contains iron and carries oxygen to the cells and tissues of your body.
Haemorrhoids are also sometimes called piles. They are swollen and enlarged blood vessels in or around your back passage (anus). They can be painful and uncomfortable.
Heart Disease is a medical term for all the conditions that can affect the heart, like a heart attack or heart failure
Hepatotoxin is any substance that is poisonous to your liver
Herpes is a virus. There are two main kinds of herpes, one that causes chicken pox and shingles and one that causes cold sores and genital herpes.
Hyperactivity. If someone is hyperactive then they are overly active. When people think of hyperactivity many of them think of a condition that happens in children called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (or ADHD for short). Children with ADHD find it hard to concentrate, are overactive and act without thinking.
Hypoglycaemia is a low level of sugar (glucose) in the blood in people with diabetes. Hypoglycaemia can cause you to feel sleepy, confused, restless and irritable and can eventually lead to unconsciousness and a coma.
Hypoplasia is when an organ or a part of your body does not develop properly and remains very small
Humectants are substances that attract water to them and then hold onto it. For example humectants are often used in moisturisers to keep your skin soft and to stop it from drying out.
I
Induce Vomiting means making someone sick.
Inflammation is your body’s reaction to injury, irritation or infection. Inflammation causes redness, swelling and pain. The inflamed area can also sometimes feel warm when you touch it.
Ingestion means to eat something.
Inhalation means to breathe something in.
Inhibitors of Microbial Growth. These are any substances that stop germs from growing
Intravascular Haemolysis is the breakdown and damage of red blood cells
L
Lethal. If something is lethal it means that it can cause your death. For example if a poison is said to be lethal it can kill you.
Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number of lymphocytes in your blood. Lymphocytes are white blood cells and help your body to fight infection. An increase in lymphocytes usually happens when your body is fighting an infection.
M
Mantle is a layer of something covering any surface
Mucus Membranes are the thin linings covering many organs of your body as well as areas like the inside of your mouth and nose. These membranes are all kept moist by mucus
Muscular Paralysis is when there is no power in your muscles and therefore you cannot move.
N
Narcosis means being in a coma or unconscious. It is usually caused by a drug.
Nausea means feeling sick
Neuralgic Pain happens when a nerve is irritated or damaged. The pain often comes and goes in short bursts.
Nephrotoxin means a substance that is poisonous to your kidneys
Nystagmus is an uncontrolled movement of your eyes, usually from side to side, but sometimes up and down or even in a circular movement.
O
Ovarian Cancer means the same as cancer of your ovaries.
P
Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein.
Physician is a medical doctor, not a surgeon.
Pneumonitis is inflammation of your lungs. It is usually cause by inhaling a chemical, a liquid or an object like a peanut
Pressure Sores are sometimes called bed sores and are areas of damaged or broken skin. Pressure sores develop when you stay sitting or lying in the same position for a long period of time. They can take a long time to heal.
Psoriasis is a dry skin condition where your skin cells reproduced too quickly. Usually your skin cells take about 21-28 days to replace themselves but in some one who has psoriasis this process is quicker and takes around 2-6 days. This means that both dead and living skin cells build up on the surface of the skin. This causes red, flaky, crusty patches covered with silvery scales. It can also cause intense itching and burning.
Pulmonary Oedema is a build up of fluid in and around your lungs. This causes shortness of breath and a cough.
R
Respiratory is a medical word for breathing. For example the respiratory system is the parts of your body involved with breathing, like the lungs and the throat
Rheumatic is a word sometimes used when talking about people who have rheumatism.
Rheumatism is a general term used to describe any pain or inflammation in or around your bones, muscles, joints or the tissues surrounding your joints.
S
Shingles is an infection of a nerve and the area of your skin that is supplied by it. It is caused by the herpes virus that also causes chickenpox. The main symptoms are a rash and pain
A Solvent is any liquid in which you can dissolve a solid material
T
Testes means the same as testicles
Thrush is a yeast infection, sometimes also called candida. It is most common in women where it can develop in the vagina. Here it can cause itching, a white discharge and soreness
Toxic means the same as poisonous
Trans Fatty Acids (also called trans fats). Liquid oils can be turned into solid fat by a process called hydrogenation. During this process, trans fat can be formed. Trans fats can increase the levels of cholesterol in your blood and this can increase your risk of developing heart disease.
Third Degree Burn. These are sometimes called full thickness burns. These are burns to your skin which destroy both the top layer of skin and the layer underneath it, which contains your nerves, glands and blood vessels.
U
Ulcer. This is a breakdown of your skin that leads to an open sore. Ulcers can also develop on the surface of mucous membranes like the inside of your mouth or in your stomach.
V
Vaginitis is inflammation of your vagina which causes it to become red and to feel sore and swollen
Varicose Ulcers are ulcers, usually on your lower legs, that form when the blood circulation to your legs is poor and when the skin is thin and fragile. If the skin becomes broken an ulcer forms and then it can easily become infected and take a long time to heal.
Varicose veins are irregular shaped swollen, veins that often develop in your legs, most often in your lower leg. Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood from the rest of your body back to your heart.
Verrucae are warts (small rough lumps of skin) that occur on the soles of your feet. They are caused by a virus which causes a reaction in your skin.
Vomiting means being sick
For more information about dangerous substances, see the Suspect Substances Glossary produced by Essential Care.
Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant (Gossypium spp.), a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. The fiber is most often spun into thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely used natural-fiber cloth in clothing today. The English name descends from the Arabic word al qutun, (whence also came the Spanish word algodón) meaning cotton fiber.
Cotton fiber (once processed to remove seeds and traces of wax, protein, etc.) consists of nearly pure cellulose, a natural polymer. Cotton production is very efficient, in the sense that, ten percent or less of the weight is lost in subsequent processing to convert the raw cotton bolls into pure fiber. The cellulose is arranged in a way that gives cotton fibers a high degree of strength, durability, and absorbency. Each fibre is made up of twenty to thirty layers of cellulose coiled in a neat series of natural springs. When the cotton boll (seed case) is opened the fibres dry into flat, twisted, ribbon-like shapes and become kinked together and interlocked. This interlocked form is ideal for spinning into a fine yarn.
ORGANIC COTTON
The living soil is the basis of the organic farming : free from toxic chemicals for at least three years, and enriched by compost and other organic matter.
The concept is simple: vigorous plants resist insects, weeds and diseases better than those under stress due to repeated chemical applications.
By working with nature to create a diverse farm ecosystem, Agrocel produces optimal growing conditions.
Seed management:by selection of the most suitable GM Free variety of cotton.
Soil management: increasing soil fertility and moisture holding capacity as well, by sowing green manuring crops before cotton crops.
Water management: promotion of drip irrigation systems which save more than 60 % of water, improves the quality of the crop, and also limits reproduction of harmful insects.It also allows better weed control as water and nutrient are fully available for the crop
Nutrient Management: With portable soil analysis kits, field officers are able to identify exactly the nutrient requirement, and work with the farmers in making best use of organic manure.
Pest Management: The field is a bug-eat-bug world, in which a "natural enemy complex" of predator and parasite insects keeps pests in check. Agrocel Field Officers with the farmers monitor the insect population, and calculate the ETL ( Economic Threshold Level ). Based on that information they prescribe the use of organic or natural pesticides.
Overall management - Full records of the above , as well as data of production and quality of cotton are kept . These documents are available to any certification agency.
Certification the cototn used is certified by SKAL For more information about Skal certification standards visit www.skal.nl
FAIRTRADE COTTON
The FAIRTRADE Mark is now available on products made with Fairtrade certified cotton. These products, which include clothing are made from cotton grown by small farmers. Such farmers, like many other agricultural commodity producers, are at the sharp end of exploitation and injustice in international trade. Fairtrade certification brings them the guarantee of a minimum price plus a further premium to be used for community development projects .
For more information about Gossypium, click here.
The Problem of Plastic Bags - by Turtle Bags
Plastic bags are becoming a major marine problem for the same reason that they have been a commercial success - they don’t break down.
Every year, an estimated 17½ billion plastic bags are given away by supermarkets. This is equivalent to over 290 bags for every person in the UK. We produce and use 20 times more plastic today than we did 50 years ago.
“The UK is addicted to plastic bags!" Charlie Browne, Ikea, June 2006
Sadly, mistaking polythene bags for jellyfish has caused many deaths of Leatherback turtles. A discarded bag fills with water and floats, semi-submerged on the water's surface. To a turtle this looks just like a jellyfish and is swallowed with terrible consequences, usually resulting in death for the turtle as the bag either twists in its gut or blocks digestion.
The plastic bag is highly over specified for the job for which it was designed. Required to serve us for the hour or two it takes us to get our shopping home instead it is expected that the bags will last for hundreds of years. The hazards of the plastic bag do not stop with the turtles. Plastics never fully degrade; plastic bags eventually turn into plastic “dust” which can still be ingested by filter feeding marine animals. Plastic is highly toxic, and toxins in filter feeders are passed up the food chain to the fish and ultimately human consumers.
Until now, no studies were conducted on filter-feeding organisms such as jellies, whose feeding mechanisms do not permit them to distinguish between tiny fragments of plastic debris and plankton, and no studies to assess potential effects on these filter-feeders. It is now known that plastic fragments heavily impact these creatures. When broken into smaller pieces, these tiny plastic fragments accumulate non-water soluble toxicants such as PCB's, and pesticides such as DDT.
Plastic polymers, or tiny plastic resin pellets act as sponges for these chemicals and other persistent organic pollutants, concentrating such poisons up to one million times higher than their concentration in the water as free floating subs. These toxic particles move up the food chain form the small invertebrates and then to fish and then return to us on our plate!
Plastic Bag Bans around the World
Bangladesh March 2002
In March 2002, Bangladesh slapped an outright ban on all polyethylene bags in the capital, Dhaka, after they were found to have been the main culprit during the 1988 and 1998 floods that submerged two-thirds of the country. The discarded bags were choking the drainage system.
Eritrea January 2005 Asmara
Parts of Eritrea once littered by a sea of flimsy shopping bags are being cleaned up thanks to a new law that entered into force in January to help the Horn of Africa country protect nature. In the capital Asmara and other outlying regions, the bags have been replaced by the cotton and nylon and Eritreans have no choice but to adapt. Since the introduction those who import, produce, distribute or sell plastic bags are fined.
India - Himachal Pradesh 2003
Under a new law, anyone found even using a polythene bag could face up to seven years behind bars or a fine of up to 100,000 rupees (£1,300). The new law is the most stringent bag law in India
Ireland 2002
Plastic Bag Tax in Ireland has dramatically reduced bag consumption. Percentage drop in plastic bag consumption in Ireland, after a 9p bag tax was introduced: 90 % Annual revenue generated by Irish bag tax: £6,900,000.00
Papua New Guinea December 2004
Environment and Conservation Minister William Duma announced the ban and stated that he used provisions of the Environment Act 2000 to introduce an interim policy to stop the import, manufacture and sale of plastic shopping bags in the country Somalia March 2005 Somaliland Bans Use of Plastic Bags. Prof Wangari Maathai, the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize winner and the Kenyan assistant minister for environment, has linked plastic bag litter with malaria. She said, the bags, once discarded, fill with rainwater, offering ideal breeding grounds for malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
South Africa May 2003
SA uses 8bn bags annually. Law aims to reduce bag use by 50% since May 2003, stores have been obliged to stop giving free, thin bags to customers, instead selling thicker, easily recycled bags, in a bid to reduce pollution. There are stiff penalties for infringements, including a R10 000 fine or 10 years' imprisonment, or both. Bags now must be thick as a rubbish bag South Australia 2008 South Australia's State Government is to introduce legislation to ban single-use bags from January 1, 2008. Taiwan 2003 Taiwan is began campaign against street litter on New Year's Day focusing on disposable bowls, bags and other utensils made out of plastic. The products will be banned in supermarkets, department stores, fast-food chains, restaurants and convenience stores.
Find out more about Turtle Bags - click here.
The Astonishing Power of Herbs and Oils
by Dr Mariano Spiezia
Camomile
Camomile, with its bobbing daisy flowers, has always been well known for its medical qualities and, above all, for its extraordinary calming and anti-inflammatory properties. This is mainly due to the presence of camazulene which gives a characteristic blue colour to its essential oil.
The wise Egyptians used this flower in many of their infusions and poultices and they dedicated the camomile flower to God RHA (Sun).
The Romans named Camomile "Matricaria", from the word matrix, which means uterus, as a result of discovering its beneficial effects on female organs.
This amazing plant, used externally, is suitable for sensitive, inflamed and blemished skin. It is especially recommended for young children and people with thin and weak skin as it moisturise their delicate skin.
Camomile is very useful for soothing nettle rash, itching and skin irritation, including the vaginal area.
It relieves itching, insect bites, inflammations and nappy rash.
Camomile with its calming properties can indeed ease those skin reactions often stressed by emotions such as tension, anxiety and fear.
Propolis
Propolis is a sticky substance produced by bees from certain tree resins. Its meaning comes from the ancient Greek "Pro-Polis" which means "protect the town". In fact, bees use Propolis to sterilize and close apertures in their hives or to embalm foreign invading insects. The ancient Egyptians knew of these qualities and used it in the process of embalming mummies.
Aristotle used to recommend it to help many skin ailments such as sores and infections. Roman soldiers always carried Propolis as a dressing for wounds.
In the Middle Ages it was in common use to heal up babies` "belly-button" after detachment of the placenta.
Propolis contains resins, balsams, most of the known vitamins, minerals, amino acids and flavonoids. ( It contains more flavonoids than oranges ). It has antibiotic, antiviral, antimycotic and antiseptic properties, therefore it is helpful for cracked skin, boils, acne with white heads, spots, inflamed glands, fungal infections (e.g. athletics foot, candida, etc.), bed sores and ulcers, abscesses, couperose, herpes, shingles and other similar complaints.
Calendula
Calendula is a common but beautiful plant that has been well known for centuries. Its name comes from the ancient Greek "kalein" which means "the beginning of the month". One of its peculiarities is that the flower opens its head in dry weather and closes on a wet day!
Calendula`s bright, sunny orange flowers have extraordinary anti-inflammatory and healing properties for the skin.For this reason it is excellent to assist the healing process for eczemas, psoriasis, chapped skin, chilblains, ulcers, verrucae, sores, cracked nipples, burns, varicose veins, phlebitis, haemorrhoids, acne and other related complaints.
It also enhances the healing process for all kind of wounds
Rosemary
Rosemary is a Mediterranean plant with an intense fragrance and its name comes from the Latin word "ros-marinus" which means "sea dew". It was one of the first plants to be used for culinary, as well as medicinal purposes.
The ancient Greeks used to burn rosemary sprigs in their temples and during the Middle Ages rosemary fumigations were used to protect against the plague.
Rosemary has powerful tonic and stimulating properties which increase blood circulation and reduce inflammation and pain. It gives excellent relief from muscular pain caused by excessive physical activities, muscle spasm, stiff neck, bruising, gout, rheumatic and neuralgic pain, aching joints, arthritis and other problems of this type.
The Comfrey Plant
Comfrey is a strong vigorous plant rich in vitamins, mineral salts, mucilages (anti-inflammatory substances) and the protein alantoin which encourages cell division. Its beneficial properties were recognised centuries ago – it was used by the Roman military doctor Glancia (180 BC) to heal soldiers’ broken bones and wounds. When applied externally it is very effective for reducing inflammation of the skin caused by bruises, sprains and aching or swollen joints. It also encourages the formation of scabs to protect open wounds from further damage or infection.
JOJOBA OIL has been used for centuries as a powerful skin moisturiser in the desert climate. It is a natural source of vitamine E and is therefore very helpful for improving the health of the skin. Vitamin E is one of the most powerful anti-ageing and antioxidant elements ever known. Jojoba oil also creates a protective barrier on the skin which reduces moisture loss.
ALMOND OIL is well known for its lightness and skin softening properties. Being cold pressed (as are all our organic oils), it retains its natural vitamins B1, B2, B6, E, F and A (beta carotene). It is most beneficial to dry, irritated skin.
APRICOT KERNEL OIL, like almond oil, is rich in natural vitamins B1, B2, B6 and A (beta carotene), and is therefore very useful to soften and soothe delicate, ageing skin. It is gentle and quickly absorbed.
EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL is renowned for its incredible anti-oxidant properties. In hot countries it has been used for centuries, and still is, as a remedy for sunburn. It is also important to understand that olive oil is very similar to human ‘sebum’ (the skin’s natural oil) and is therefore the best replacement when this oil is lost due to pollutants in the atmosphere.
WHEATGERM OIL contains up to 2% natural vitamin E which is very well known for its antioxidant qualities and its ability to neutralise free radicals.
CARROT OIL (in sesame oil carrier) is rich in beta-carotene which is also a powerful anti-oxidant. Its deep orange-red colour reveals its natural strength.
SESAME OIL contains vitamins, minerals and lecithin. It is a useful natural sun filter. Due to its light texture it is especially recommended for delicate skin.
Find out more about Spiezia - click here.
There are no products “developed without animal experimentation”
in the washing powder, detergents and body care fields
• How long has animal experimentation been going on?
• Why is animal experimentation performed?
• Are there substances for which animal experiments have never been performed?
• Is animal experimentation performed for SONETT products?
Experiments on animals have been reported in literature from the middle Ages onwards. These experiments were used to gain insight into the tolerability of substances, the causes of diseases, the effectiveness of medicines, metabolic processes in the body, or specific behavior patterns. Probably the best-known animal experiments in behavioral science were the experiments on graylag geese by Konrad Lorenz.
In these experiments, the animals were treated in a manner appropriate to their species and were not harmed. In our opinion, experiments of this type are absolutely acceptable. However, if experiments involve isolation and pain for the animals, then our natural feelings must rise up against them. Whether the knowledge obtained from such experiments is implicitly transferable from animals to humans, as the research would like us to believe, must be questionable in many cases.
In a brochure from the Foundation for the Promotion of Research into Alternatives to Animal Experiments (Stiftung zur Förderung der Erforschung von Ersatzmethoden für Tierversuche, SET, Mainz), it emerges that, of all the animal experiments performed in 1990, approx. 87% were for medical diagnosis, therapy, pharmaceuticals and basic research; approx. 10% for the testing of other substances for tolerability and environmental hazards, and approx. 2% for the testing of plant protection agents.
Overview of the current statutory requirements for animal experimentation in washing powders, detergents and cosmetics:
Decorative cosmetics:
In accordance with the Animal Welfare Act §7, Para. 5, all animal experimentation for the development of decorative cosmetics has been banned within Germany since 1986.
However, this means that decorative cosmetics tested on animals in other European countries can nevertheless still be sold in Germany.
Caring cosmetics:
According to the Industrial Federation for Personal Hygiene and Washing Agents (Industrieverband für Körperpflege- und Waschmittel, IKW), no finished cosmetic products have been tested in animal experiments in Germany since 1989. Since 1998, animal experiments for this purpose have been banned within Germany. From 2009 onwards, animal experiments for caring cosmetics are to be banned within the entire EU.
However, this means that, until that time, cosmetics tested on animals in other European countries can be sold in Germany.
Washing and cleaning agents:
In accordance to the German Animal Welfare Act of May 1998, animal experiments for the development of washing and cleaning agents are banned.
Raw materials for cosmetics, washing agents, cleaning agents and other raw materials:
For these raw materials to be approved, their manufacturers are obliged, on the basis of the Chemicals and Hazardous Materials Ordinance, in addition to other national and EU regulations, to provide proof of the toxicological safety of these raw materials for humans and the environment, regardless of whether the materials are of petrochemical or natural origin, and irrespective of their subsequent field of application.
Animal experiments for this purpose are imperative.
To date, only a few research verifications involving no animal experiments have been approved as safe and scientifically recognized alternatives.
Furthermore, it is on the agenda that a new approval (REACH) must be applied for in the case of approx.130,000 "old chemicals", and this will involve comprehensive toxicological verifications and animal experimentation.
Consequences of the above-described statutory requirements:
According to the German Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, there is no substance of which it could be said that it has never before been tested on animals – even with our commonest foodstuffs, water and salt, animal experiments have been performed! For this reason, there are also no cosmetics, no washing agents and no cleaning agents which involve absolutely no animal experimentation.
Even the Positive List of the German Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals or the logo with the hare and the protecting hand which is awarded by the IHTK (the International Federation of Manufacturers against Animal Experiments) merely state that these companies do not use any raw materials which have been tested on animals since 1979. However, at the same time, this means that these companies are also excluded from using the positive developments of chemical raw materials since 1979, such as the completely biodegradable sugar surfactants or emulsifiers, because animal experiments are compulsorily prescribed for the approval of every new chemical raw material.
A statement by an institution or a company that its products involve "no animal experimentation" either means that no animal experiments were performed with the end-products, which is banned for washing agents and cosmetics in Germany anyway, or it means that, from an arbitrary point in time onwards, no animal experiments have been performed on the raw materials.
In any case, the label “no animal experimentation” gives the impression that the product and therefore also its raw materials have not involved any animal experiments, which is not true for almost any product. This is the reason why the Certification Association of German Natural Cosmetics Manufacturers (BDIH) advises against using the claim “no animal experimentation” for advertising purposes. The term "no animal experimentation" has already been prohibited several times by courts as an unfair competitive practice (Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt, 22.12.1988; Higher Regional Court of Düsseldorf, 17.5.1990; Regional Court of Cologne, 5.6.1990; Higher Regional Court of Stuttgart, 30.4.1999).
The SONETT approach:
SONETT stipulates that animal experiments have never been performed in the development of any products, not even prior to 1998. Since 1988, this ban applies to all manufacturers of washing and cleaning agents equally, regardless of whether they manufacture in an environmentally friendly or conventional manner.
In terms of raw materials no manufacturer can truthfully use the claim“no animal experimentation”.
If we want to express our opposition of animal experiments, we simply need to formulate this opposition clearly to our suppliers, specifically promote the development of alternative testing methods and describe the current situation regarding animal experiments matter-of-factly, without giving an untrue impression with the claim “no animal experimentation”. SONETT 2004
For more information about Sonett - click here.
Chlorine bleaching
Chlorine bleaching releases toxins into the environment, and will leave detectable residuals in the end product. Any ingredient that starts with the letters “chloro” suggests the presence of an organochlorine. Organochlorines are contained in many of the familiar products we find in our shops such as solvents, pesticides, plastics, disinfectants, plastic packaging and chlorine-bleached pulp and paper products such as toilet paper, kitchen roll and many feminine hygiene products.
In making organochlorine products, highly toxic by-products, such as dioxins, are produced at the same time and accumulate in the environment and the fat cells of animals. Similar major pollution problems also occur when these chlorinated products, such as plastics and solvents, are burned or incinerated as rubbish, as there is then environmental fallout of dioxin that accumulates in the food chain.
There are different types of chlorine bleaches used today in the paper and feminine hygiene industry. The main causes of dioxin pollution being Elemental chlorine (also called chlorine gas), as well as Elemental chlorine-free bleach. This bleach is not free of chlorine at all. The use of chlorine-free in this case means that it is not bleached using Elemental chlorine, called chlorine gas.
The only true chlorine-free bleach is Hydrogen peroxide, which is referred to as Totally Chlorine-Free or TCF. This is the only bleaching method that Natracare uses.
Dioxin pollution
Dioxins are some of the most deadly chemicals created. Classified as carcinogenic, (cause cancer) dioxins are found in pesticides, plastics, solvents, detergents and cosmetics. For over a decade, concerns have been raised about the impact of dioxins on our health with respect to heart and liver disease, hormonal disruption and cancer, to name but a few.
Dioxins, furans and PCB’s, which are generally referred to as dioxin-like compounds, are highly toxic organochlorines. These compounds are extremely fat seeking. There are some natural organochlorines in the atmosphere, but considerably greater amounts of artificially produced ones. Minute traces of dioxins may have existed before industrialisation, but a huge rise occurred in the late 1940’s along with the expansion of organochlorine manufacture, which started at this time, and the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture worldwide.
The production of dioxins in the manufacture of paper pulp products such as tampons and sanitary pads, are not only harmful to the environment, but also unnecessarily expose women to low levels of dioxins every time they use these products. Dioxin settles in the fat cells of our bodies and stay there for the rest of our lives, building up cumulatively over time from birth, so increased exposure means increased risk.
Organochlorines (OP’s) are contained in many of the familiar products we find in our shops such as solvents, pesticides, plastics, disinfectants, plastic packaging and chlorine-bleached pulp and paper products such as toilet paper, kitchen roll and some feminine hygiene products .
We all have to take responsibility for the products we use that contribute to the release of dioxins into the environment, and make sure that we do not use products that expose us to dioxins.
How many people will be using wood preservatives in their gardens every spring? If the label shows Pentachlorophenol (PCP), it contains dioxin impurities, and so too do 2,4,5-T and some other pesticides gardeners will happily spread amongst their plants, and how do they dispose of the old tins of pesticides sitting on the shelf in the garden shed?
Any ingredient that starts with the letters “chloro” suggests the presence of an organochlorine. In making organochlorine products, highly toxic by-products such as dioxins are inadvertently made at the same time and accumulate in the same way as PCBs. Similar, major pollution problems also arise when these chlorinated products, such as plastics and solvents, are burned or incinerated as rubbish resulting in environmental fallout of dioxin that accumulates in the food chain.
Pesticides
Pesticide use is widespread in the world and responsible for some of the more persistent dioxins and furans in the environment. More recent concerns about the effects of pesticides on human health have been raised. In a new report published in the journal Public Health, it was claimed that the large increase in Alzheimer’s and other dementia in men and women since 1979 may well be attributed to the effects of chemical pollution including pesticides, exhaust fumes and industrial chemicals.
Agricultural pesticides have been linked to infertility, suicidal depression and the most horrific birth defects imaginable. Every year, America alone produces enough pesticide to girdle the globe in one-pound flour bags. A deadly circle, for among them – as among pesticides from Europe – are substances that can damage the eyes, skin, immune and glandular systems, cause heart disease, asthma and cancer, and – most insidious of all – harm human sperm and eggs, impair the minds and bodies of unborn babies, and cause miscarriages, stillbirths and infant deaths. Governments routinely approve of thousands of pesticides without ever undergoing any notable safety testing, and pesticide regulations also ignore the potential for genetic vulnerability.
Hormones are the body’s chemical messengers and are not only involved in fertility but in the growth and functioning of the brain and body. One of the pesticide industry’s bright ideas was to create chemicals that disrupt these endocrine messengers. Unfortunately, widely differing species use almost identical chemical messengers. So what disrupts a mosquito also damages larger creatures, including humans.
Preservatives
These are chemical substances used to kill the bacteria in foods and non-foods to prevent bacteria, moulds and fungus from making the product inedible and unusable.
The most commonly used preservatives are often a mix of compounds that are used together in cosmetics and commercial products such as shampoos, lotions, sunscreens, wet wipes, toothpaste, medicines, fabric softeners, cleaners and washing materials. Many of these preservatives release a toxic chemical called formaldehyde, which can also cause dermatitis.
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde has recently been declared a potential carcinogen. It is a chemical that is used in many products in our environment and some sources may be surprising because it is so widespread, even at low levels, that it is almost impossible to avoid in our daily lives. Formaldehyde is not only a sensitizer, but also a potent irritant. Frequent or prolonged exposure may cause hypersensitivity, leading to the development of dermatitis through contact with products containing formaldehyde in the form of preservatives, or clothing made from fabrics that have been treated with it.
Parabens
Dr Philippa Darbre and colleagues at the University of Reading carried out tests on samples of 20 different human breast tumours. Writing in the Journal of Applied Toxicology, they say they found traces of parabens in every sample. Their tests suggested the chemicals had seeped into the tissue after being applied to the skin. (2)
"This is the first study to show their accumulation in human tissues," said Dr Darbre. "It demonstrates that if people are exposed to these chemicals, then the chemicals will accumulate in their bodies."
In late 1998 John Sumpter's group at Brunel University, UK, published a paper identifying parabens as oestrogen mimics (Routledge et al., 1998). As mimics, this means that the chemicals act like the hormone oestrogen in the body, interfering with the body’s natural systems. The authors state:
"Given their use in a wide range of commercially available topical preparations, it is suggested that the safety in use of these chemicals should be reassessed, with particular attention being paid to estimation of the actual levels of systemic exposure of humans exposed to these chemicals. The acquisition of such data is a prerequisite to the derivation of reliable estimates of the possible human risk of exposure to parabens."
Phenoxyethanol
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative added to cosmetics, ointments, eardrops and vaccines. It is commonly used in toiletries and wipes, even in some products that claim to be natural. The manufacturers of this chemical describe the toxicology of phenoxyethanol as: -
“Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. May cause reproductive defects. Severe eye and skin irritant. “
Some research that was conducted by S. Bohn, A. J. Bircher in 2001 (3) at the Allergy Unit of the Dept. of Dermatology at University Hospital in Basel, Switzerland, found some hypersensitivity to phenoxyethanol. Including urticaria, hand eczema as well as generalized eczema in an 18-month-old boy within 24 hours after receiving the DPT (diphtheria, pertussus, tetanus) vaccine. Whilst the researchers consider the reactions to be very rare, it brings into question the suitability of this chemical as an ingredient in products used on the skin of babies.
Imidazolidinyl urea
Imidazolidinyl urea is the second most identified cosmetic preservative causing contact dermatitis according to The American Academy of Dermatology.
Imidazolidinyl urea is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative used in many cosmetics, toiletries, lotions and pharmaceutical preparations and is often found in preparations labelled as ‘hypoallergenic’. However, if you have sensitivity to Imidazolidinyl urea, these products are far from hypoallergenic and should be avoided, as it will cause dermatitis. Try to avoid other formaldehyde-releasing preservatives also known by the following names: Quaternium-15, 2-bromo-2nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea.
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS)
SLS is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners and shower gels. It is a very harsh detergent used to make the products foam when used. SLS can cause irritation of the eyes, skin rashes and flaking skin, and possibly permanent damage to the eyes, especially in children. Research was conducted in the Department of Dermatology at the School of Medicine, University of California (4) on the ability of SLS to penetrate into the skin and underlying tissues. The research found that “ Sodium lauryl sulphate penetrated the skin directly to a depth of about 5-6 mm below the applied site. Epidermal levels of the compound after application of 1% aqueous solution for 24 hours were above threshold levels known to evoke skin irritation responses. Deeper underlying tissues may also have been exposed to high levels of the compound.” SLS reacts with other chemicals found in shampoos and cleansers to produce nitrates, which can enter the blood stream easily.
Chemicals in body care
Propylene Glycol is a solvent used in cosmetics, hair care products, deodorants and after-shave.
It is also the main ingredient in antifreeze and brake fluid and is considered to be a skin irritant causing dermatitis, especially in children.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), a related agent found in most skin cleansers, is a caustic used to dissolve grease and is the same substance found in oven cleaners.
Isopropyl Myristate , an alcohol used in hair rinses, hand lotions and fragrances, is also a solvent that dries the skin and hair, and creates cracks and fissures in the skin, which encourage bacterial growth.
Phthalates are a large family of industrial chemicals linked to birth defects in the male reproductive system. Hundreds of animal studies have demonstrated that phthalates can damage the liver, kidneys, lungs and reproductive system, especially the developing testes. Phthalates are used as a plastic softener and solvent in many different consumer products. They can be absorbed through the skin, inhaled as fumes, ingested when they contaminate food or when children bite or suck on plastic toys, and are inadvertently directly administered to patients from PVC (polyvinyl chloride or vinyl) medical devices.
The Environmental Working Group, Coming Clean and Health Care without Harm, contracted with a major national laboratory to test 72 named brands, off-the-shelf beauty products for the presence of phthalates. The lab found phthalates in 52 of the 72 products tested - or 72%, and more than one phthalate in 11 products. Only one of the products listed phthalates on the label. These products included hair products, deodorants and fragrances. In their report Aggregate Exposures to Phthalates in Humans it describes the failure of USA and EU regulators to address the health impacts of multiple exposures to phthalates from a variety of products.
According to one study carried out by the Centre for Disease Control in the USA, five percent of women of reproductive age in the USA, an estimated two million women, may be getting up to 20 times more of the phthalate DBP than the average person in the population. The highest exposures for women of childbearing age were above the federal safety standard, creating a risk of reproductive birth defects, according to animal studies considered relevant to humans.
Organic
The definition organic is defined by law - all organic agriculture, food production and processing is governed by a strict set of rules. Organic farmers, as far as possible, avoid using unnecessary chemical sprays such as pesticides and herbicides, and Organic standards ban the use of Genetically Modified technology. Organic farming is friendlier to the environment, so there is a much greater diversity of birds, butterflies and plants on organic farms. Food additives linked to asthma and heart disease, and many preservatives and aggressive health and environment damaging chemicals are banned under organic standards.
Any organic product sold in the United Kingdom must, by law, display an organic certification symbol or number. When you see an organic symbol, you can be sure that the product complies with minimum government standards for organics. These standards are set by the UK Register of Organic Food Standards (UKROFS) and meet European and international standards. Each certification body has its own symbol and code number. The Soil Association organic symbol is the UK’s main certification mark, but different countries have different symbols, but generally, each country recognises each other’s organic standards. The symbol tells you that the product has met, and in some important areas, exceeded minimum government requirements. Organic standards are often reviewed and developed to continually raise the quality of organic food and organic non-food. Pesticide use is widespread in the world and responsible for some of the more persistent dioxins and furans in the environment. Making more organic choices in food and non-food products helps to reduce environmental pollution and our personal exposure to dioxins.
Genetically modified cotton
The science of genetically modified crops is in its early stages and long-term outcome is not yet certain. However, many people choose not to consume genetically modified foods because they are worried about the possible negative health effects. Over 50% of the world’s cotton is genetically modified and, unless products state that they are made with certified organic cotton, then it is likely that they are made from genetically modified cotton.
Endangered forests
Most of the world’s wood pulp used to make paper products, which includes tampons, sanitary pads, toilet paper and newspapers, comes from forests that have been ravaged by large pulping companies. The large scale ripping up of trees in logging devastates the landscape, destroys wildlife habitat and destroys the ecology of the soil leading to erosion and the desolation of landscapes. Unlike other manufacturers, we never use pulp from ancient North American forests. The pulp that is used in Natracare sanitary pads and liners comes from managed Scandinavian forests. This means that a continual planting and re-planting system is in place to ensure that every tree that is cut down is replaced by another.
Sanitary waste
Since 1985, the trend has been towards thinner sanitary pads using less wood-based pulp and increased use of synthetic super absorbents made from petroleum. Apertured plastic film is mostly used as a cover on sanitary pads and liners today, and is often called the " Dri-weave top sheet". In reality, it is simply just loaded polyethylene film - or plastic with holes in to you and me.
European and North American consumption of this type of sanitary pad is the highest in the world - more than a third of total worldwide consumption of 45 billion units - All eventually needing to be disposed of somewhere! Every year, in Britain alone, we would need to dig a hole 300 feet wide and 300 feet deep to bury the used sanitary pads and tampons that women throw away.
Unfortunately, this synthetic material is being used more and more in other products such as baby wipes, wet wipes, feminine wipes, tumble dryer cloths, diapers, incontinence pads and moist toilet tissues. No doubt, all ending their " useful lives " flushed down the toilet or in a landfill site.
In recent years, with the new development of biodegradable materials made from plant cellulose,
it is possible for these plastics to be replaced. This biodegradable material can be used for most products where plastics are being used to include: sanitary pads, liners, diapers and wet and dry wipes instead of the synthetics derived from petroleum used exclusively today.
Despite the environmental pressures of the early 90's, sanitary protection is still being made from more and more plastic materials. There is, therefore, the need to raise consumer awareness about the proper disposal of these products. Most people are not even aware of the high loading of plastics in the products they use, and it does not help that manufacturers of these products are unwilling to print a full list of the materials they use on their packaging.
Disposal of used sanitary products is either by flushing out to sea, incineration, or depositing in landfill sites. Various pollutants, including dioxins, are continually deposited in the sea through sewage waste and air pollution from incinerators. This not only irreversibly damages and contaminates fish and other sea life; it inevitably results in human exposure to these toxins when we consume these plants and animals.
Most women are aware that flushing sanitary pads results in the contamination of our oceans, rivers, and many are prepared to dispose of their pads along with the domestic waste which is either incinerated or buried in landfill sites. Incineration is a major cause of pollution worldwide. However, the alternative of burying rubbish in the ground is not much of an improvement because the plastics used in sanitary pads and liners and tampon applicators do not biodegrade at all, and will remain in the environment unchanged for hundreds of years.
For many years, Natracare has done much to lessen the environmental impact of sanitary products by producing a full range of sanitary pads and liners made from biodegradable, totally chlorine-free cellulose and Bioplastics which are biodegradable and compostable under the correct conditions, and are safe for sceptic tanks.
Irritation
When women develop irritation problems such as thrush, vaginitis or soreness, they are always advised by doctors and health specialists to wear cotton underwear, but without thinking, they are unwittingly continuing to use their usual brand of feminine hygiene made from loaded synthetics every month during their period. Women suffering from skin allergies, irritation, soreness and itching, may find their symptoms are worse during their period, due to the synthetic and plastic ingredients in most sanitary products. Many gynaecologists advise such women to change to all-cotton products in order to avoid the synthetics and chemicals commonly used in hygiene products. After making the change to Natracare organic cotton tampons and natural totally chlorine-free pads, many of these women have found relief from their symptoms.
Endometriosis
It is important to get a diagnosis of Endometriosis early to prevent damage to the reproductive system.
According to the Endometriosis Association,
“Endometriosis is a hormonal and immune disease in which tissue like that found in the lining of the uterus, grows outside of the uterus in other parts of the body. Endometriosis is one of the leading causes of pelvic pain and can lead to infertility, hysterectomy, and increased risk of developing certain cancers. Dioxin is directly correlated with an increased incidence of endometriosis, according to a 1992 study (5) on rhesus monkeys exposed to TCDD for four years. The monkeys also showed immune abnormalities similar to those observed in women with endometriosis. Endometriosis affects girls and women from preteen to post-menopause."
In 1999, Osamu Tsutsumi, Professor of Gynaecology at Tokyo University Hospital, Japan, carried out tests on the effects of dioxin on the human reproductive system, which showed that women tested who were suffering from endometriosis had high levels of dioxin in the body.
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but fatal disease caused by a particular type of bacteria that can produce toxins in the body. The symptoms of TSS come on fast and are often severe. Menstrual TSS has been linked to the use of super-absorbent and synthetics in tampons. (1)
Results of a study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynaecology , suggest that the use of 100% cotton tampons may reduce the risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome compared with tampons that contain rayon. The paper states that, “The incidence of reported cases of Toxic Shock Syndrome has declined since the removal of high absorbency fibres from tampons, such as polyacrylate rayon, polyester and carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC). However, the disease continues to occur in young menstruating women using the newer less absorbent tampons made of viscose rayon with and without cotton.”
The study was carried out on 20 tampon varieties, including Natracare 100% cotton tampons and concluded that all-cotton tampons did not produce the dangerous TSS toxin from the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, while other tampons did.
The summary to the paper stated, “All-cotton tampons did not product TSST-1. This is likely because cotton provides fewer factors to favour TSST-1 production compared with fibres previously removed from tampons (CMC, polyester, polyacrylate rayon)….“In sum, women who are without protective levels of antibody to TSST-1 and use non all-cotton tampons are at the greater risk of TSS.”
In order to advance a well-balanced view of all the pieces to the puzzle concerning menstrual health, we pride ourselves on embracing independent research so that women are afforded the opportunity to make informed choices about sanitary protection. Natracare believes that women should still continue to be vigilant and become familiar with the symptoms of TSS. Read carefully the tampon instruction leaflets found in the packs before starting to use tampons. The symptoms of TSS can occur suddenly, and at any time during menstruation. Be aware of these symptoms, which need not be present all at the same time.
• sudden high fever (102°F, 39°C or more) • nausea or vomiting • diarrhoea • headache • sore throat • dizziness • fainting or near fainting • rashes that look like sun-burn (skin peeling may occur days later) • muscular pain.
If you get any of these symptoms, you must remove your tampon and do not use any more. Get immediate medical attention and be sure to inform your doctor that you are menstruating and using tampons and that you are concerned about TSS.
References:
(1) Propensity of Tampons and Barrier Contraceptives to Amplify Staphylococcus Aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin by Tierno Jnr, Philip M and Hanna, B A, The Journal of Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2:140-145, 1994.
(2) Darbre PD Aljarrah A, Miller WR, Coldham NG, Sauer MJ, Pope GS. Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours. J Appl Toxicol. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):5-13. Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK
(3) Phenoxyethanol-induced urticaria by S. Bohn, A. J. Bircher Allergy Unit, Dept. Dermatology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. Accepted for publication 3 May 2001, Allergy 2001: 56:922-923
(4 ) Quantification of sodium lauryl sulfate penetration into the skin and underlying tissues after topical application--pharmacological and toxicological implications by Patil. S, Singh. P, Sarasour. K, Maibach. H. J. Pharm. Sci.; VOL 84 ISS Oct 1995, P1240-1244, (REF 40) Dept. of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Surge 110, Univ. of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
(5) Rier, S.E. et al. (1993) "Endometriosis in Rhesus Monkeys (Macada Mulatta) Following Chronic Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin". Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, vol.21, pp433-441.
(6) Field, T., Henteleff, T., Hernandez-Reif M., Martinez, E., Mavunda, K., Kuhn C., & Schanberg S. (1998). Children with asthma have improved pulmonary functions after massage therapy. Journal of Pediatrics, 132, 854-858.
(7) Schachner, L., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Duarte, A., & Krasnegor, J. (1998). Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms Decrease in Children Following Massage Therapy. Pediatric Dermatology, 15, 390-395.
(8) Hernandez-Reif, M., Ironson, G., Field, T., Largie, S., Deigo, M., Mora, D., & Bornstein, J. (In Review). Children with Down Syndrome improved in motor function and muscle tone following massage therapy. Journal of Early Intervention.
(9) Cullen, C., Field, T., Escalona, A., & Hartshorn, K. (2000). Father-infants interactions are enhanced by massage therapy. Early Child Development and Care, 164, 41-47.
(10) Field, T., T., Schanberg, S., Davalos, M. & Malphurs, J. (1996). Massage with oil has more positive effects on newborn infants. Pre and Perinatal Psychology Journal, 11, 73-78.
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